Code Room
System designMediumsd-g010
Subject Presence systemsLevel Mid–Senior~35 minCommon in Distributed systems interviewsIndustries Technology, Software development

Question

Design the online/offline/away presence subsystem for a team-chat product with 30M concurrent users, where each user wants to see live presence for the members of the channels they currently have open (often hundreds of people). Requirements: presence flips within a couple seconds, a hard client crash must mark the user offline within ~30s, and you must not generate O(N²) presence traffic. Walk through state, detection, and distribution.

What a strong answer looks like

Clarify scale and constraints first. Propose a clean component breakdown, then go deep on the hard parts — data model, bottlenecks, consistency, failure modes — and name the trade-offs you are making.

Narrate your design
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Run or narrate your approach, then ask the coach.