Code Room
System designMediumsd-g013
Subject Messaging queuesLevel Mid–Senior~35 minCommon in Distributed systems interviewsIndustries Technology, Software development

Question

Design a delayed/scheduled job queue that lets services enqueue work to run at a specific future time — from seconds (retry-with-backoff) to months out (a subscription-renewal reminder) — at ~20k scheduled jobs/sec enqueue rate with tens of millions of pending jobs. Requirements: a job fires within a few seconds of its scheduled time, a due job is never lost or fired twice, and you can cancel or reschedule before it fires. Walk through the storage and dispatch.

What a strong answer looks like

Clarify scale and constraints first. Propose a clean component breakdown, then go deep on the hard parts — data model, bottlenecks, consistency, failure modes — and name the trade-offs you are making.

Narrate your design
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Run or narrate your approach, then ask the coach.