Code Room
System designMediumsd-g427
Subject Schema evolutionLevel Mid–Senior~35 minCommon in Distributed systems interviewsIndustries Technology, Software development

Question

Design schema governance for an event platform with ~600 Avro/Protobuf event types flowing through Kafka, where producers and consumers are owned by ~80 independent teams that deploy on their own cadence. Today, a producer adding a required field or changing a type silently breaks consumers, causing deserialization storms and dropped events discovered hours later. Design a system that lets producers evolve schemas safely without lock-step coordination, while guaranteeing existing consumers keep working.

What a strong answer looks like

Clarify scale and constraints first. Propose a clean component breakdown, then go deep on the hard parts — data model, bottlenecks, consistency, failure modes — and name the trade-offs you are making.

Narrate your design
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Run or narrate your approach, then ask the coach.