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Communication & influence · Simplifying the complex

A line supervisor keeps reacting to every single out-of-spec reading by stopping the line and re-tooling. In two minutes at the SPC chart, how do you get across the difference between common-cause and special-cause variation so it changes what he does?

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I don't say "common cause" or "standard deviation" once — those words make his eyes glaze.

The full answer: structure, worked example, likely follow-up.

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