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Interviewers ask this kind of question to surface how you think, not what you remember. The strongest answers are specific, calmly told, and end on what changed.

Failure analysis · Root cause hypothesis

A finished tablet lot returns an out-of-specification assay result on one of six samples. Walk me through your initial hypotheses before you decide whether it's real or a lab artifact.

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A single OOS among six samples splits into two branches: is the result invalid because of an assignable lab cause, or is it real and telling me something about the product?…

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Concepts behind this questionRoot cause: five whys, fishbone & causal layers
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