An incapacitated patient has no advance directive, but the surrogate produces text messages in which the patient described what they'd want. Walk me through how you'd weigh that informal digital evidence.

Question

Answer

Stay specific. One example, told well, beats three told fast. Make your decisions visible — what you chose between. End on what changed, for whom.

An incapacitated patient has no advance directive, but the surrogate produces text messages in which the patient described what they'd want. Walk me through how you'd weigh that informal digital evidence.

Practice more